Groundwater flows are taken into consideration in the case of flooding risks, in the use of dewatering wells and the drainage of lakes and polders. An understanding of the hydrological principles of groundwater flow is useful when designing reliable structures such as ditches for excavation or drainage systems.
  HM 167 allows three-dimensional investigations of groundwater flows and the demonstration of different drainage methods. The trainer consists of a tank with a sand filling. Various models can be placed in the sand bed.
  The water is supplied to the tank via two perforated tubes that can be activated separately via valves. This results in various experiment possibilities with flowing groundwater. The investigation of various drainages is facilitated by two wells with perforated tubes, which are also activated individually via valves. Three different models allow the study of dikes, ditches and wells.
  At the bottom of the tank there are orthogonally arranged measuring connections to detect groundwater levels. Groundwater levels are displayed on a 19-fold tube manometer.
  The well-structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments.

- determining the groundwater level between feed

  and discharge
- groundwater level over time at one and two outlets
- comparison and overlaying of the levels over time
- water inrush in dikes and ditches for excavation
- groundwater studies under concentric load on the

  substrate
- investigation of seepage flows in excavation

  ditches with wall braces