[1] formation and effect of water hammers [2] pumping using water hammers [3] fixed overflow tank is used as a water source, e.g. river, pool [4] elevated tank with variable pump head [5] outlet valve with adjustable lift, closes cyclically due to flow force of the water [6] tank with non-return valve and air volume is used as an air vessel [7] air volume in the air vessel is varied by vent valve [8] flow rate measurement using base module HM 150 [9] closed water supply using base module HM 150 or via lab supply |